Spinal Stenosis

Spinal stenosis is a condition characterized by the narrowing of the spinal canal, where the space that surrounds the spinal cord becomes compressed. This narrowing can put pressure on the spinal cord and the nerves that branch off from it, leading to pain, numbness, weakness, and other symptoms. Spinal stenosis often develops gradually over time due to aging, wear-and-tear, or other factors.

Causes of Spinal Stenosis
  • Aging: As people age, the intervertebral discs in the spine can lose height, and bones may begin to degenerate, leading to narrowing of the spinal canal.
  • Degenerative Disc Disease: The breakdown of spinal discs, with loss of disc height, can lead to narrowing of the spaces around the spinal cord.
  • Osteoarthritis: Arthritis in the spine can cause bone spurs and thickened ligaments, contributing to narrowing of the spinal canal.
  • Herniated Discs: Bulging or slipped discs can contribute to narrowing of the spinal canal by pushing into surrounding spaces.
  • Thickened Ligaments: Over time, ligaments that support the spine may thicken and encroach on the spinal canal, leading to stenosis.
  • Congenital Conditions: Some people may have a naturally narrower spinal canal from birth, which can make them more susceptible to stenosis.
Types of Spinal Stenosis
  • Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: Occurs in the lower back (lumbar region) and is the most common type. It often leads to pain, weakness, and numbness in the legs.
  • Cervical Spinal Stenosis: Occurs in the neck (cervical region) and can cause pain, weakness, and numbness in the arms and hands, as well as problems with coordination.
Symptoms of Spinal Stenosis
  • Pain: Pain in the lower back, neck, shoulders, or arms, which worsens with standing or walking and improves with sitting or bending forward.
  • Numbness and Tingling: Numbness, tingling, or "pins and needles" sensations in the arms, legs, or feet due to nerve compression.
  • Weakness: Muscle weakness in the legs, arms, or hands, which can affect balance and coordination.
  • Stiffness: Reduced flexibility in the spine, making it difficult to move comfortably.
  • Gait Changes: A shuffling or unsteady gait due to leg weakness or instability.